KEHUJJAHAN HADIS AHAD DALAM PENETAPAN HUKUM ISLAM DAN PENAFSIRAN AL-QUR’AN: PEMETAAN PANDANGAN ULAMA DAN RELEVANSINYA DI ERA POST-TRUTH

Abstract

Hadith ahad, a report whose number of narrators does not reach the level of mutawatir, is widely used in Islamic legal reasoning and Qur’anic exegesis, yet scholars differ on the degree of certainty it yields and on the conditions of its use. This article maps those differences and examines their relevance to the evaluation of religious information in the post-truth era. Using a qualitative library research design with a descriptive-analytical approach, it compares the views of classical jurists and hadith scholars (among them al-Shafi‘i, al-Ghazali, al-Amidi, and al-Shatibi) and relates them to the use of hadith in exegesis and to contemporary studies of religious authority in digital media. The findings show that the disagreement concerns mainly the epistemic status of hadith ahad (certain knowledge versus strong probability) and the additional conditions for acting on it, not its validity as a source of law. A sound hadith ahad that meets the criteria of hadith criticism and is read in light of other evidences is accepted as legal proof by the majority of scholars. These criteria also provide a methodological basis for verifying religious information that circulates on social media. The article contributes a bridge between the classical debate on khabar al-wahid and current discussion of religious authority.