Fiqh Aulawiyat (Fiqh Prioritas) in Hadith: Its Application to the Issue of Poverty and Social Justice
Keywords:
Fiqh Awlawiyah, Keadilan Sosial, Zakat, Wakaf, Kemiskinan, Maqasid SyariatAbstract
Artikel ini membahas konsep fiqh al-awlawiyāt sebagai kerangka metodologis dalam menentukan prioritas hukum Islam, khususnya dalam pengelolaan keuangan sosial Islam seperti zakat, wakaf, dan infak. Konsep ini menjadi penting karena dinamika sosial-ekonomi masyarakat modern menuntut adanya pendekatan hukum yang tidak hanya normatif, tetapi juga adaptif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat yang paling mendesak. Melalui pendekatan studi literatur, penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai pemikiran ulama dan akademisi terkait prinsip prioritas dalam Islam, serta relevansinya terhadap tata kelola keuangan sosial Islam kontemporer.
Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fiqh al-awlawiyāt memberikan landasan etis dan normatif untuk menentukan skala prioritas dalam distribusi sumber daya sosial keagamaan. Prinsip ini memungkinkan pengelola zakat, wakaf, dan infak untuk lebih fokus pada kelompok masyarakat yang berada dalam kondisi rentan, seperti fakir miskin, korban bencana, dan masyarakat yang mengalami keterbatasan akses terhadap pendidikan maupun layanan kesehatan. Selain itu, konsep ini juga menekankan pentingnya keseimbangan antara kepentingan individu dan kepentingan kolektif, serta antara orientasi duniawi dan ukhrawi dalam praktik ekonomi Islam.
Dengan demikian, penerapan fiqh al-awlawiyāt tidak hanya memperkuat dimensi teoritis hukum Islam, tetapi juga memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi pengembangan sistem keuangan sosial Islam yang lebih efektif, inklusif, dan berkeadilan. Implementasi konsep ini diharapkan mampu mendukung agenda pengentasan kemiskinan, pemerataan kesejahteraan, serta pembangunan sosial yang berkelanjutan dalam masyarakat Muslim kontemporer.
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